Denomination: AE Fals. The inverted M type represents this formative phase before the sweeping epigraphic reforms of ʿAbd al-Malik. The inverted M is characteristic of early Arab-Byzantine copper issues from the first decades of Umayyad rule.
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Denomination: Fals (Æ Bronze). Stephen Album, Checklist of Islamic Coins. The reverse features a large M denomination mark with monogram above and field letters below. Authentic Early Islamic Coin – Certificate of Authenticity Included.
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The Levant during the late 12th and early 13th centuries functioned as a dynamic frontier between Islamic and Crusader political spheres. Seal matrices such as this were indispensable tools within that system.
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