Artuqids (Mardin). Nasir al-Din Artuq Arslan, AH 597-637 / AD 1200-1239. Rev. in inner field, 'al-Malik al-Kamil / Muhammad ibn Ayyub / al-Malik al-Mansur / Nasir al-Din Artuq'; around, 'Arslan / al-Imam / li-din Allah / al-Nasir'; all in Kufic.
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Umayyad Caliphate AE Fals al Ramla Crescent Star Album 185 Authentic Ancient Islamic Coin. This copper fals was struck at al-Ramla during the later Umayyad period, circa the 90s AH (early 8th century AD).
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Denomination: AE Fals. The inverted M type represents this formative phase before the sweeping epigraphic reforms of ʿAbd al-Malik. The inverted M is characteristic of early Arab-Byzantine copper issues from the first decades of Umayyad rule.
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Denomination: Fals (Æ Bronze). Stephen Album, Checklist of Islamic Coins. The reverse features a large M denomination mark with monogram above and field letters below. Authentic Early Islamic Coin – Certificate of Authenticity Included.
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The Levant during the late 12th and early 13th centuries functioned as a dynamic frontier between Islamic and Crusader political spheres. Seal matrices such as this were indispensable tools within that system.
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