Type: AE Fals. The Delta and Star reverse type belongs to a highly collectible class of crude provincial bronze coinage widely circulated throughout the Holy Land and neighboring regions following the early Islamic conquests.
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The obverse features stylized Arabic calligraphy, likely representing the imperial Tughra or a regional administrative stamp. Museum Parallels The British Museum: See the collection of Ottoman lead seals and tokens from the Near East (e.g., Accession 1891,0611.2).
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Caliphate of Mu'Awiya (660-680). Weight: 3.91 g. Condition: Very fine.
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Type: AE Fals. These fascinating issues combine late Byzantine imperial imagery with evolving regional designs produced under early Islamic administration. Region: Levant. Similar Arab-Byzantine bronze fulus are represented in the British Museum and major collections of early Islamic and Byzantine coinage.
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Arab-Byzantine Standing Caliph Fals Amman Abd al-Malik RRR Authentic Ancient Islamic Coin COA. This rare Arab-Byzantine fals belongs to the Standing Caliph series attributed to ‘Amman and struck during the reign of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.
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Date: Circa 12th–13th century AD (Era of Saladin). Humphreys, R.S., From Saladin to the Mongols, pp. 70–78. Nicolle, D., Saladin and the Saracens, pp. 80–84. Israel Museum, Jerusalem, inv. British Museum, London, inv.
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The internal cord channel is intact and shows mineralization consistent with 1, 300 years of burial. The Kufic lettering is sharp and consistent with known Umayyad epigraphy. The Ashmolean Museum: Accession Number HRI.
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The circular bezel is engraved with the Arabic word. The wear and partial loss of the hoop indicate prolonged use during antiquity, reinforcing its function as a personal object rather than a ceremonial piece.
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Overview and Historical Context In the early Islamic world, the accuracy of coinage was a religious and state obligation. The phraseAl-Mulk Lillah served both as a pious reminder and as a seal of official legitimacy, asserting that the Caliph's administration operated under divine authority.
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Dynasty: Umayyad Caliphate. bi-mā amara Allāh is rendered in early angular Arabic script characteristic of the Umayyad period. The reverse is plain and shows handling wear consistent with repeated administrative use.
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